Earl Fruit Company - Revision history

Robert Bowdidge at 17:56, 17 January 2017

2017-01-17T17:56:59Z

Robert Bowdidge at 06:47, 4 December 2016

2016-12-04T06:47:20Z

Robert Bowdidge at 06:46, 4 December 2016

2016-12-04T06:46:25Z

Robert Bowdidge at 06:34, 4 December 2016

2016-12-04T06:34:57Z

Robert Bowdidge at 06:34, 4 December 2016

2016-12-04T06:34:25Z

Robert Bowdidge at 06:24, 4 December 2016

2016-12-04T06:24:48Z

Robert Bowdidge at 03:04, 4 December 2016

2016-12-04T03:04:25Z

Robert Bowdidge at 02:52, 4 December 2016

2016-12-04T02:52:40Z

Robert Bowdidge at 19:39, 3 December 2016

2016-12-03T19:39:54Z

Robert Bowdidge at 19:36, 3 December 2016

2016-12-03T19:36:30Z

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 The Earl Fruit Company was closely tied with the Armour meat interests, both as an ally and competitor.
-In 1888, the [[California Fruit Transportation Company]] started shipping chilled fruit via refrigerator cars.  Earl initially worked with C.F.T.C., providing 75% of their traffic out of California.  In 1892, Earl appeared in Chicago and demanded a discount or commission for the business he directed to them.  When the C.F.T.C. officers turned him down, Earl "went straight to the office of the Armour Car Line. Before the end of the day he had contracted to rent 1,000 Armour refrigerator cars at $8.33 a month each.  When the California fruit season reopened, the C.F.T. found that wherever it went, the Earl Fruit Company was there also, making war and using an familiar and effective weapon; that is to say, it was offering rebates and getting the fruit."<ref>Charles Edward Russell, [https://books.google.com/books?id=l8ZZAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA298&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA291#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false The Greatest Trust in the World].  Part 1: The Great Yellow Car: the Bandit of Commerce.".  March 1905 Everybody's Magazine.</ref>  Earl Fruit attempted to work with the new company because of its strong presence in the California packing market.  When talks broke off, Earl instead contacted the Armour company about using their refrigerator cars, and organized a pair of refrigerated car lines for his own use<ref>Ray Stannard Baker, [https://books.google.com/books?id=59JrxtPVLt8C&lpg=PA400&ots=u4CHQyCS5l&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA399#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false Railroads on Trial: Private Cars and the Fruit Industry] (part 4).  February 1906 McClure's Magazine.</ref>.  Backed by Armour, Earl dominated the refrigerated fruit transportation business.  (The competitors, meanwhile, sold out to [[Swift and Company]].  Armour later backed [[Porter Brothers]], forcing Earl to sell out to Armour in 1900.  By 1903, Armour had taken control of Earl Fruit, with Earl keeping a minor ownership role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA28-IA10&ots=1U8sMA4JqR&dq=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&pg=PA28-IA10#v=onepage&q=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&f=false Failure: Porter Brothers Company Forced to the Wall]  Earl's second major competitor, meanwhile was forced into bankruptcy.  In May 23, 1903 Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. "It was reported in San Francisco that the failure was due to Armour, who recently gained control of the Earl Fruit Company.  Armour has an ambition to monopoloize the shipping of California fruit" says the dispatch.".</ref>.
+In 1888, the [[California Fruit Transportation Company]] started shipping chilled fruit via refrigerator cars.  Earl initially worked with C.F.T.C., providing 75% of their traffic out of California.  In 1892, Earl appeared in Chicago and demanded a discount or commission for the business he directed to them.  When the C.F.T.C. officers turned him down, Earl "went straight to the office of the Armour Car Line. Before the end of the day he had contracted to rent 1,000 Armour refrigerator cars at $8.33 a month each.  When the California fruit season reopened, the C.F.T. found that wherever it went, the Earl Fruit Company was there also, making war and using an familiar and effective weapon; that is to say, it was offering rebates and getting the fruit."<ref>Charles Edward Russell, [https://books.google.com/books?id=l8ZZAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA298&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA291#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false The Greatest Trust in the World].  Part 1: The Great Yellow Car: the Bandit of Commerce.".  March 1905 Everybody's Magazine.</ref>  Earl Fruit attempted to work with the new company because of its strong presence in the California packing market.  When talks broke off, Earl instead contacted the Armour company about using their refrigerator cars, and organized a pair of refrigerated car lines for his own use<ref>Ray Stannard Baker, [https://books.google.com/books?id=59JrxtPVLt8C&lpg=PA400&ots=u4CHQyCS5l&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA399#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false Railroads on Trial: Private Cars and the Fruit Industry] (part 4).  February 1906 McClure's Magazine.</ref>.  Backed by Armour, Earl dominated the refrigerated fruit transportation business.  (The competitors, meanwhile, sold out to [[Swift and Company]].  Armour later backed [[Porter Brothers]], forcing Earl to sell out to Armour in 1900.  By 1903, Armour had taken control of Earl Fruit, with Earl keeping a minor ownership role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA28-IA10&ots=1U8sMA4JqR&dq=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&pg=PA28-IA10#v=onepage&q=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&f=false Failure: Porter Brothers Company Forced to the Wall]  Earl's second major competitor, meanwhile was forced into bankruptcy.  In May 23, 1903 Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. "It was reported in San Francisco that the failure was due to Armour, who recently gained control of the Earl Fruit Company.  Armour has an ambition to monopoloize the shipping of California fruit" says the dispatch.".</ref>.   Earl took his profits from his fruit shipping empire, built a large mansion on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles, and started a new career as publisher of the Los Angeles Express newspaper<ref>[https://wilshireboulevardhouses.blogspot.com/2013/12/2425-wilshire-boulevard-please-see-our.html 2425 Wilshire Blvd.] Historic Los Angeles: When Wilshire Boulevard Was Residential.  Earl's mansion was designed by San Francisco architect Ernest Coxhead in 1897.  Article also contains a short biography of Earl.</ref>.
 ==Locations==

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 The Earl Fruit Company was closely tied with the Armour meat interests, both as an ally and competitor.
-In 1888, the [[California Fruit Transportation Company]] started shipping chilled fruit via refrigerator cars.  Earl initially worked with C.F.T.C., providing 75% of their traffic out of California.  In 1892, Earl appeared in Chicago and demanded a discount or commission for the business he directed to them.  When the C.F.T.C. officers turned him down, Earl "went straight to the office of the Armour Car Line. Before the end of the day he had contracted to rent 1,000 Armour refrigerator cars at $8.33 a month each.  When the California fruit season reopened, the C.F.T. found that wherever it went, the Earl Fruit Company was there also, making war and using an familiar and effective weapon; that is to say, it was offering rebates and getting the fruit."<ref>Charles Edward Russell, [[https://books.google.com/books?id=l8ZZAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA298&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA291#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false The Greatest Trust in the World]].  Part 1: The Great Yellow Car: the Bandit of Commerce.".  March 1905 Everybody's Magazine.</ref>  Earl Fruit attempted to work with the new company because of its strong presence in the California packing market.  When talks broke off, Earl instead contacted the Armour company about using their refrigerator cars, and organized a pair of refrigerated car lines for his own use<ref>rRay Stannard Baker, [https://books.google.com/books?id=59JrxtPVLt8C&lpg=PA400&ots=u4CHQyCS5l&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA399#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false Railroads on Trial: Private Cars and the Fruit Industry (part 4).  February 1906 McClure's Magazine.</ref>.  Backed by Armour, Earl dominated the refrigerated fruit transportation business.  (The competitors, meanwhile, sold out to [[Swift and Company]].  Armour later backed [[Porter Brothers]], forcing Earl to sell out to Armour in 1900.  By 1903, Armour had taken control of Earl Fruit, with Earl keeping a minor ownership role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA28-IA10&ots=1U8sMA4JqR&dq=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&pg=PA28-IA10#v=onepage&q=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&f=false Failure: Porter Brothers Company Forced to the Wall]  Earl's second major competitor, meanwhile was forced into bankruptcy.  In May 23, 1903 Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. "It was reported in San Francisco that the failure was due to Armour, who recently gained control of the Earl Fruit Company.  Armour has an ambition to monopoloize the shipping of California fruit" says the dispatch.".</ref>.
+In 1888, the [[California Fruit Transportation Company]] started shipping chilled fruit via refrigerator cars.  Earl initially worked with C.F.T.C., providing 75% of their traffic out of California.  In 1892, Earl appeared in Chicago and demanded a discount or commission for the business he directed to them.  When the C.F.T.C. officers turned him down, Earl "went straight to the office of the Armour Car Line. Before the end of the day he had contracted to rent 1,000 Armour refrigerator cars at $8.33 a month each.  When the California fruit season reopened, the C.F.T. found that wherever it went, the Earl Fruit Company was there also, making war and using an familiar and effective weapon; that is to say, it was offering rebates and getting the fruit."<ref>Charles Edward Russell, [https://books.google.com/books?id=l8ZZAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA298&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA291#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false The Greatest Trust in the World].  Part 1: The Great Yellow Car: the Bandit of Commerce.".  March 1905 Everybody's Magazine.</ref>  Earl Fruit attempted to work with the new company because of its strong presence in the California packing market.  When talks broke off, Earl instead contacted the Armour company about using their refrigerator cars, and organized a pair of refrigerated car lines for his own use<ref>Ray Stannard Baker, [https://books.google.com/books?id=59JrxtPVLt8C&lpg=PA400&ots=u4CHQyCS5l&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA399#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false Railroads on Trial: Private Cars and the Fruit Industry] (part 4).  February 1906 McClure's Magazine.</ref>.  Backed by Armour, Earl dominated the refrigerated fruit transportation business.  (The competitors, meanwhile, sold out to [[Swift and Company]].  Armour later backed [[Porter Brothers]], forcing Earl to sell out to Armour in 1900.  By 1903, Armour had taken control of Earl Fruit, with Earl keeping a minor ownership role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA28-IA10&ots=1U8sMA4JqR&dq=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&pg=PA28-IA10#v=onepage&q=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&f=false Failure: Porter Brothers Company Forced to the Wall]  Earl's second major competitor, meanwhile was forced into bankruptcy.  In May 23, 1903 Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. "It was reported in San Francisco that the failure was due to Armour, who recently gained control of the Earl Fruit Company.  Armour has an ambition to monopoloize the shipping of California fruit" says the dispatch.".</ref>.
 ==Locations==

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 | primary_business = Dried Fruit Packer,Fresh Fruit Packer
 | primary_years = 1880-1910
 }}

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 The Earl Fruit Company was closely tied with the Armour meat interests, both as an ally and competitor.
-In 1888, the [[California Fruit Transportation Company]] started shipping chilled fruit via refrigerator cars.  Earl initially worked with C.F.T.C., providing 75% of their traffic out of California.  In 1892, Earl appeared in Chicago and demanded a discount or commission for the business he directed to them.  When the C.F.T.C. officers turned him down, Earl "went straight to the office of the Armour Car Line. Before the end of the day he had contracted to rent 1,000 Armour refrigerator cars at $8.33 a month each.  When the California fruit season reopened, the C.F.T> found that wherever it went, the Earl Fruit Company was there also, making war and using an familiar and effective weapon; that is to say, it was offering rebates and getting the fruit."<ref>Charles Edward Russell, [[https://books.google.com/books?id=l8ZZAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA298&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA291#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false The Greatest Trust in the World]].  Part 1: The Great Yellow Car: the Bandit of Commerce.".  March 1905 Everybody's Magazine.</ref>  Earl Fruit attempted to work with the new company because of its strong presence in the California packing market.  When talks broke off, Earl instead contacted the Armour company about using their refrigerator cars, and organized a pair of refrigerated car lines for his own use<ref>rRay Stannard Baker, [https://books.google.com/books?id=59JrxtPVLt8C&lpg=PA400&ots=u4CHQyCS5l&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA399#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false Railroads on Trial: Private Cars and the Fruit Industry (part 4).  February 1906 McClure's Magazine.</ref>.  Backed by Armour, Earl dominated the refrigerated fruit transportation business.  (The competitors, meanwhile, sold out to [[Swift and Company]].  Armour later backed [[Porter Brothers]], forcing Earl to sell out to Armour in 1900.  By 1903, Armour had taken control of Earl Fruit, with Earl keeping a minor ownership role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA28-IA10&ots=1U8sMA4JqR&dq=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&pg=PA28-IA10#v=onepage&q=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&f=false Failure: Porter Brothers Company Forced to the Wall]  Earl's second major competitor, meanwhile was forced into bankruptcy.  In May 23, 1903 Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. "It was reported in San Francisco that the failure was due to Armour, who recently gained control of the Earl Fruit Company.  Armour has an ambition to monopoloize the shipping of California fruit" says the dispatch.".</ref>.
+In 1888, the [[California Fruit Transportation Company]] started shipping chilled fruit via refrigerator cars.  Earl initially worked with C.F.T.C., providing 75% of their traffic out of California.  In 1892, Earl appeared in Chicago and demanded a discount or commission for the business he directed to them.  When the C.F.T.C. officers turned him down, Earl "went straight to the office of the Armour Car Line. Before the end of the day he had contracted to rent 1,000 Armour refrigerator cars at $8.33 a month each.  When the California fruit season reopened, the C.F.T. found that wherever it went, the Earl Fruit Company was there also, making war and using an familiar and effective weapon; that is to say, it was offering rebates and getting the fruit."<ref>Charles Edward Russell, [[https://books.google.com/books?id=l8ZZAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA298&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA291#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false The Greatest Trust in the World]].  Part 1: The Great Yellow Car: the Bandit of Commerce.".  March 1905 Everybody's Magazine.</ref>  Earl Fruit attempted to work with the new company because of its strong presence in the California packing market.  When talks broke off, Earl instead contacted the Armour company about using their refrigerator cars, and organized a pair of refrigerated car lines for his own use<ref>rRay Stannard Baker, [https://books.google.com/books?id=59JrxtPVLt8C&lpg=PA400&ots=u4CHQyCS5l&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA399#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false Railroads on Trial: Private Cars and the Fruit Industry (part 4).  February 1906 McClure's Magazine.</ref>.  Backed by Armour, Earl dominated the refrigerated fruit transportation business.  (The competitors, meanwhile, sold out to [[Swift and Company]].  Armour later backed [[Porter Brothers]], forcing Earl to sell out to Armour in 1900.  By 1903, Armour had taken control of Earl Fruit, with Earl keeping a minor ownership role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA28-IA10&ots=1U8sMA4JqR&dq=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&pg=PA28-IA10#v=onepage&q=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&f=false Failure: Porter Brothers Company Forced to the Wall]  Earl's second major competitor, meanwhile was forced into bankruptcy.  In May 23, 1903 Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. "It was reported in San Francisco that the failure was due to Armour, who recently gained control of the Earl Fruit Company.  Armour has an ambition to monopoloize the shipping of California fruit" says the dispatch.".</ref>.
 ==Locations==

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 The Earl Fruit Company was closely tied with the Armour meat interests, both as an ally and competitor.
-In 1888, the [[California Fruit Transportation Company]] started shipping chilled fruit via refrigerator cars.  Earl Fruit attempted to work with the new company because of its strong presence in the California packing market.  When talks broke off, Earl instead contacted the Armour company about using their refrigerator cars, and organized a pair of refrigerated car lines for his own use<ref>rRay Stannard Baker, [https://books.google.com/books?id=59JrxtPVLt8C&lpg=PA400&ots=u4CHQyCS5l&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA399#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false Railroads on Trial: Private Cars and the Fruit Industry (part 4).  February 1906 McClure's Magazine.</ref>.  Backed by Armour, Earl dominated the refrigerated fruit transportation business.  (The competitors, meanwhile, sold out to [[Swift and Company]].  Armour later backed [[Porter Brothers]], forcing Earl to sell out to Armour in 1900.  By 1903, Armour had taken control of Earl Fruit, with Earl keeping a minor ownership role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA28-IA10&ots=1U8sMA4JqR&dq=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&pg=PA28-IA10#v=onepage&q=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&f=false Failure: Porter Brothers Company Forced to the Wall]  Earl's second major competitor, meanwhile was forced into bankruptcy.  In May 23, 1903 Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. "It was reported in San Francisco that the failure was due to Armour, who recently gained control of the Earl Fruit Company.  Armour has an ambition to monopoloize the shipping of California fruit" says the dispatch.".</ref>.
+In 1888, the [[California Fruit Transportation Company]] started shipping chilled fruit via refrigerator cars.  Earl initially worked with C.F.T.C., providing 75% of their traffic out of California.  In 1892, Earl appeared in Chicago and demanded a discount or commission for the business he directed to them.  When the C.F.T.C. officers turned him down, Earl "went straight to the office of the Armour Car Line. Before the end of the day he had contracted to rent 1,000 Armour refrigerator cars at $8.33 a month each.  When the California fruit season reopened, the C.F.T> found that wherever it went, the Earl Fruit Company was there also, making war and using an familiar and effective weapon; that is to say, it was offering rebates and getting the fruit."<ref>Charles Edward Russell, [[https://books.google.com/books?id=l8ZZAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA298&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA291#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false The Greatest Trust in the World]].  Part 1: The Great Yellow Car: the Bandit of Commerce.".  March 1905 Everybody's Magazine.</ref>  Earl Fruit attempted to work with the new company because of its strong presence in the California packing market.  When talks broke off, Earl instead contacted the Armour company about using their refrigerator cars, and organized a pair of refrigerated car lines for his own use<ref>rRay Stannard Baker, [https://books.google.com/books?id=59JrxtPVLt8C&lpg=PA400&ots=u4CHQyCS5l&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA399#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false Railroads on Trial: Private Cars and the Fruit Industry (part 4).  February 1906 McClure's Magazine.</ref>.  Backed by Armour, Earl dominated the refrigerated fruit transportation business.  (The competitors, meanwhile, sold out to [[Swift and Company]].  Armour later backed [[Porter Brothers]], forcing Earl to sell out to Armour in 1900.  By 1903, Armour had taken control of Earl Fruit, with Earl keeping a minor ownership role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA28-IA10&ots=1U8sMA4JqR&dq=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&pg=PA28-IA10#v=onepage&q=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&f=false Failure: Porter Brothers Company Forced to the Wall]  Earl's second major competitor, meanwhile was forced into bankruptcy.  In May 23, 1903 Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. "It was reported in San Francisco that the failure was due to Armour, who recently gained control of the Earl Fruit Company.  Armour has an ambition to monopoloize the shipping of California fruit" says the dispatch.".</ref>.
 ==Locations==

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 }}
-The '''Earl Fruit Company''' was a California-based fruit and vegetable packer and wholesaler.  The company handled fresh and dried fruit, and also handled vegetables.
+The '''Earl Fruit Company''' was a California-based fruit and vegetable packer and wholesaler.  The company handled fresh and dried fruit, and also handled vegetables.  Although a pioneer in shipping fruit, the company was sold to [[Armour and Company]] in 1900. In 1911, the Supreme Court forced the meat packers to divest their refrigerator cars
-Earl Fruit was founded by [[Edwin Tobias Earl]] who had invented the ventilated refrigerator car.    By 1903, Armour had taken control of the company, with Earl keeping a minor ownership role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA28-IA10&ots=1U8sMA4JqR&dq=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&pg=PA28-IA10#v=onepage&q=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&f=false Failure: Porter Brothers Company Forced to the Wall]  In May 23, 1903 Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. "It was reported in San Francisco that the failure was due to Armour, who recently gained control of the Earl Fruit Company.  Armour has an ambition to monopoloize the shipping of California fruit" says the dispatch.".</ref>. The company apparently was trying to encourage use of its car fleet, and so rather than act as wholesalers, the company often charged for packing but let the grower get the risk or reward from the fruit sale.  "Growers would bring in their fruit, and Earl would manufacture the boxes and sell them to the grower and pack and sort the fruit, and then ship it for the account of the grower and charge them for the freight in each refrigerated car in addition to the freight charged by the railroad for transportation.  So it was a very, very lucrative business for the Armour family."<ref>Ruth Teiser, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yhMVAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA166&ots=zmAUXaBBua&dq=earl%20fruit%20company%20origins&pg=PA166#v=onepage&q=earl%20fruit%20company%20origins&f=false Robert Di Giorgio and Joseph A. Di Giorgio: The Di Giorgio's: From Fruit Merchants to Corporate Innovators"].  Oral history, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1983.  "The Earl Fruit Company was headed up by a man named E. T. Earl from Sacramento, who owned a small portion of it and who was the manager of a company for the Armour family."</ref>  In 1901, the company provided all supplies and advanced money to Chinese farmers in the Los Angeles area to raise celery
+because of their monopoly power. Joseph Di Giorgio of the Di Giorgio
 <ref>George W. Moore, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yhMVAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA166&ots=zmAUXaBBua&dq=earl%20fruit%20company%20origins&pg=PA166#v=onepage&q=earl%20fruit%20company%20origins&f=false History of the Celery Industry].  In Samuel Armor, History of Orange County, California, with Biographical Sketches.  Historic Record Company, 1921.  "(In 1901...) Mr. [E. A.] Curtis bethought himself of the Los Angeles Chinese market gardeners and their knowledge of celery growing, and at once entered into negotiations with a leading Chinaman to undertake the work of growing eighty acres of celery on contract, the Earl Fruit Company to furnish everything, including implements needed in the cultivation of the crop, also money advanced for rental of the land and the supplying of water where needed by digging wells..."</ref>
@@ Line 12: / Line 16: @@
 An 1897 photo of an orange packing house in Redlands, California states the company's presence in Chicago, Boston, New York, and Philadelphia<ref>[http://www.teachmath.net/Earl%20Family%20Tree/resources/Media_78094956.pdf Earl Fruit Company].  In Illustrated Redlands, 1897.</ref>.
-In 1911, the Supreme Court forced the meat packers to divest their refrigerator cars
+==Earl Fruit and Armour==
-because of their monopoly power. Joseph Di Giorgio of the Di Giorgio
-fruit brokerage business in Baltimore bought the company for access to
+The Earl Fruit Company was closely tied with the Armour meat interests, both as an ally and competitor.
-the fresh fruit market<ref>Ruth Teiser, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yhMVAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA166&ots=zmAUXaBBua&dq=earl%20fruit%20company%20origins&pg=PA166#v=onepage&q=earl%20fruit%20company%20origins&f=false Robert Di Giorgio and Joseph A. Di Giorgio: The Di Giorgio's: From Fruit Merchants to Corporate Innovators"].  Oral history, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1983.</ref>.
+In 1888, the [[California Fruit Transportation Company]] started shipping chilled fruit via refrigerator cars.  Earl Fruit attempted to work with the new company because of its strong presence in the California packing market.  When talks broke off, Earl instead contacted the Armour company about using their refrigerator cars, and organized a pair of refrigerated car lines for his own use<ref>rRay Stannard Baker, [https://books.google.com/books?id=59JrxtPVLt8C&lpg=PA400&ots=u4CHQyCS5l&dq=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&pg=PA399#v=onepage&q=%22earl%20fruit%22%20armour&f=false Railroads on Trial: Private Cars and the Fruit Industry (part 4).  February 1906 McClure's Magazine.</ref>.  Backed by Armour, Earl dominated the refrigerated fruit transportation business.  (The competitors, meanwhile, sold out to [[Swift and Company]].  Armour later backed [[Porter Brothers]], forcing Earl to sell out to Armour in 1900.  By 1903, Armour had taken control of Earl Fruit, with Earl keeping a minor ownership role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AjxKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA28-IA10&ots=1U8sMA4JqR&dq=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&pg=PA28-IA10#v=onepage&q=%22porter%20brothers%22%20collapse&f=false Failure: Porter Brothers Company Forced to the Wall]  Earl's second major competitor, meanwhile was forced into bankruptcy.  In May 23, 1903 Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. "It was reported in San Francisco that the failure was due to Armour, who recently gained control of the Earl Fruit Company.  Armour has an ambition to monopoloize the shipping of California fruit" says the dispatch.".</ref>.
 ==Locations==

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 |-
 | Newcastle || 1915 || || In freight shed along railroad<ref>[http://www.sacramentohistory.org/search.php?imageid=1494 Earl Fruit Packing Company].  [http://www.sacramentohistory.org Sacramento History Online].  Producer's Fruit is next door, which apparently was another Di Giorgio business.</ref>.
 |-
 | Redlands || 1897 ||  || 100 x 160 foot packing house for oranges<ref>[http://www.teachmath.net/Earl%20Family%20Tree/resources/Media_78094956.pdf Earl Fruit Company].  In Illustrated Redlands, 1897.</ref>

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 | Lodi || || ||
 |-
-| Newcastle || 1915 || In freight shed along railroad<ref>[http://www.sacramentohistory.org/search.php?imageid=1494 Earl Fruit Packing Company].  [http://www.sacramentohistory.org Sacramento History Online].  Producer's Fruit is next door, which apparently was another Di Giorgio business.</ref>.
+| Newcastle || 1915 || || In freight shed along railroad<ref>[http://www.sacramentohistory.org/search.php?imageid=1494 Earl Fruit Packing Company].  [http://www.sacramentohistory.org Sacramento History Online].  Producer's Fruit is next door, which apparently was another Di Giorgio business.</ref>.
 |-
 | Redlands || 1897 ||  || 100 x 160 foot packing house for oranges<ref>[http://www.teachmath.net/Earl%20Family%20Tree/resources/Media_78094956.pdf Earl Fruit Company].  In Illustrated Redlands, 1897.</ref>